Appendix: Dialectical MAGA

Codes

Violence/Criminal Constructivism (VC)

            VC_S indicates attribution to Sandmann or the students in general

            VC_P indicates attribution to Phillips

            VC_B indicates attribution to the Black-Iserealite group

            VC_M indicates attribution to the MAGA-hat

            VC_R indicates attribution to race 

            (c and d appear as irregular subscripts to indicate reference to Covington as an institurion or theologies respectively)

Victim Constructivism (V)

            V_S indicates attribution to Sandmann or the students in general

…

Trump Referentialism (TR)

            TR⁺ indicates a pro-Trump referential

                  TR^- indicates an anti-trump referential

A notation such as V_PR for example would denote a Victim Constructivist narrative of Phillips on the basis of race.

A “—” in front of a code indicates a removal of the attribution.

“*” signal notes.

Data Points

	Text	Pub.	Pol	VC	V	TR	Misc	Quote	Citation	Notes
1	Wooston	WP	L				P+		unity
2	Wooston	WP	L	r					the ravages of colonialism that include police brutality, poor access to health care and the ill effects of climate change on reservations.	Class element too
3	Wooston	WP	L		pm,pr				Surrounding him are a throng of young, mostly white teenage boys, several wearing “Make America Great Again” caps
4	Wooston	WP	L	s					wearing a relentless smirk
5	Wooston	WP	L					Qp	he felt threatened
6	Wooston	WP	L	s					they swarmed around him
7	Wooston	WP	L	s					the teens…began taunting
8	Wooston	WP	L			—r		Qp	“Build that wall, build that wall,”	Racial element; WP qualifies this claim
9	Wooston	WP	L					Qp	“It was getting ugly, and I was thinking: ‘I’ve got to find myself an exit out of this situation and finish my song at the Lincoln Memorial ...I started going that way, and that guy in the hat stood in my way, and we were at an impasse. He just blocked my way and wouldn’t allow me to retreat.”
10	Wooston	WP	L		pr				the various threats that face indigenous communities around the world,
11	Wooston	WP	L				D	Qp	“I felt like the spirit was talking through me,”
12	Wooston	WP	L			—			after President Trump made light of the 1890 Wounded Knee massacre
13	Wooston	WP	L			—r			whom Trump derisively calls Pocahontas.
14	Wooston	WP	L			—		Q	“emblematic of our discourse in Trump’s America.”	Indigenous Peoples Mvmnt
15	Wooston	WP	L		pr			Q	“It clearly demonstrates the validity of our concerns about the marginalization and disrespect of Indigenous peoples, and it shows that traditional knowledge is being ignored by those who should listen most closely,”	Darren Thompson (organizer)
16	Wooston	WP	L				S-, C-, D	Q	“To see a group of students from a Catholic school who are practicing such intolerance is a sad sight for me,” said Haaland, who is Catholic
17	Wooston	WP	L		pr		S-	Q	“We condemn the actions of the Covington Catholic High School students towards Nathan Phillips specifically, and Native Americans in general,”	Diocese
18	Wooston	WP	L	s			S-		that jeering, disrespectful students
19	Wooston	WP	L				S-	Q	“The point is that because of the actions of people who live in Northern Kentucky, our region is being challenged again to examine our core identities, values, and beliefs,”	Joe Meyer; idea of distancing
20	Wooston	WP	L				S-	Q	“Regardless of what exact town we live in, we need to ask ourselves whether behavior like this DOES represent who we are and strive to be. Is this what our schools teach? Are these the beliefs that we as parents model and condone? Is this the way we want the rest of the nation and the world to see us?	"
21	Wooston	WP	L				S-	Q	The videos being shared across the nation do NOT represent the core beliefs and values of this City.	"
22	Wooston	WP	L				Cr-	Q	“CovCath has become less diverse, more elite, and more expensive — even as the surrounding community has become more economically and ethnically diverse,” organizer Matthew Lehman wrote in the petition. “ . . . You would need to be willfully ignorant to maintain that CovCath administration has not allowed certain elitist and exclusive tendencies to take root in the school. It is abundantly clear that CovCath has lost its way.”	Class element too
23	Wooston	WP	L	s		—	D		As a Catholic who attended Catholic School, I was taught love, acceptance, and compassion. The behavior on display here is the complete opposite of that - it’s intolerant and hateful. This is the kind of behavior modeled by our President. Unacceptable.	Rep. Tim Ryan
24	Wooston	WP	L	s					entered that permitted space
25	Wooston	WP	L		p				large group of boys.
26	Wooston	WP	L	s				Q	“It was an aggressive display of physicality. They were rambunctious and trying to instigate a conflict,”	Iron Eyes
27	Wooston	WP	L				P+	Q	"…trying to defuse the situation"	"
28	Wooston	WP	L				P+		Phillips, an Omaha tribe elder and Marine veteran
29	Wooston	WP	L				P+		he goes to Arlington National Cemetery every Veterans Day with a peace pipe to pay tribute to Native Americans who served in the U.S. military
30	Wooston	WP	L				D	Qp	“My job has always been taking care of the fire, to keep the prayers going,”
31	Wooston	WP	L		pr				he has encountered anti-Native American sentiment before: In 2015, he was verbally attacked by a group of Eastern Michigan University students who were dressed as Native Americans ... Phillips had approached the group, informing them that their celebration was racially offensive... One of the students threw a beer can at him, Phillips told the news outlet.
32	Wooston	WP	L		pr				the Friday incident, combined with the ensuing attention from media outlets scrambling to get his story, left him shaken.
33	Wooston	WP	L					Qp	“That energy could be turned into feeding the people, cleaning up our communities and figuring out what else we can do,” Phillips said. “We need the young people to be doing that instead of saying, ‘These guys are our enemies.’ ”
34	Jennings	Vox	M	s					staring down a Native American elder.
35	Jennings	Vox	M				S-		inches away from the man
36	Jennings	Vox	M	sr	*r				while many writers placed the image within the canon of photographs from American history in which a white man smiles jeeringly at peaceful protesters of color.	racial historicism
37	Jennings	Vox	M	*r			S-	Q	“the face that sneers, ‘What? I’m just standing here,’ if you flinch or cry or lash out. The face knows that no matter how you react, it wins.”	spec along the lines of power
38	Jennings	Vox	M	rm					This face and the hat above it are symbolic of the same thing	elision of race and the hat
39	Jennings	Vox	M				M=		MAGA-hats have become emblems of both transgression and belonging that mean different things to different people
40	Jennings	Vox	M				M=		MAGA-hats, however, hold special significance for some middle and high school students.	element of class
41	Jennings	Vox	M				*		that most of the kids wearing them happen to be white	whiteness neutrality
42	Jennings	Vox	M	rm	r				eports of students in MAGA-hats bullying their Latino, Middle Eastern, Black, Asian, and Jewish classmates
43	Jennings	Vox	M				Mr-		the hat and its slogan, these phrases have far-reaching consequences.
44	Jennings	Vox	M			—			The press, and truth itself, is under direct attack from the president,
45	Jennings	Vox	M				M=	Q	I think kids think of [MAGA-hats] as more of a joke,”
46	Jennings	Vox	M				M=		For some teens who wear MAGA-hats, it’s no more than a fashion trend.
47	Jennings	Vox	M				M=	Q	“I only got it because everyone else was,”
48	Jennings	Vox	M	rm			M-	Q	“every single white kid besides maybe one or two” returned wearing a MAGA-hat said that the red caps became a familiar marker of exclusionary preteen politics. ”I think 12-year-old boys use it as a form of bullying — identifying themselves as part of this group to the exclusion of others just for the fun of it,” she told George-Parkin. “That’s what it seemed like to me. Us over here with the red hats, and you over there … you’re not even an individual anymore. Now you’re just one of the brown kids and you’re not one of us.”
49	Jennings	Vox	M				M=		he campaign slogan as a dog whistle against nonwhite Americans, some Trump supporters see MAGA-hat-wearers as brave bastions in the war against political correctness.
50	Jennings	Vox	M	rm				Q	“the new white hood,”

51	Jennings	Vox	M				M+	Q	“sensitive snowflakes.”	metadiscursive
52	Jennings	Vox	M				M+		“winning” team.
53	Jennings	Vox	M	sm					Sandmann’s facial expression, his MAGA-hat is all too aware of the power it, and he, holds
54	Stracqualursi	CNN	L			r			President Donald Trump is publicly siding with the mostly white students
55	Stracqualursi	CNN	L	s					staring down Nathan Phillips
56	Stracqualursi	CNN	L					Qp	he felt threatened.
57	Stracqualursi	CNN	L		s				the event shows the students were earlier taunted by a group identifying themselves as black Israelites,
58	Stracqualursi	CNN	L	b					who hurled profane and inflammatory comments at them.
59	Stracqualursi	CNN	L		—s				the students were "treated unfairly" with early judgments by the media, though he didn't cite examples.	referenceing Trumps tweet
60	Stracqualursi	CNN	L				S+	Q	"Nick Sandmann and the students of Covington have become symbols of Fake News and how evil it can be," Trump tweeted Tuesday morning. .."	Trump
61	Stracqualursi	CNN	L		—s	—r			Trump's decision to insert himself into a sensitive -- and disputed -- racial controversy is consistent with previous actions he's taken as President. He seized on the controversy of mostly black NFL players kneeling during the National Anthem to protest police brutality, and he was widely criticized for equating the actions of white supremacists at a 2017 rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, with people who were there protesting them.
62	Berlatsky	NBC	L	sm					Covington High School student Nick Sandmann had already taken steps to provoke and insult people of color. He'd put on a MAGA-hat.
63	Berlatsky	NBC	L				M-		But in this case, that context must include what the teens were wearing — and what that apparel has come to represent
64	Berlatsky	NBC	L	s			Dp		depicts a smiling Sandmann standing toe to toe with Phillips as the latter beat a drum and sang a traditional prayer song.
65	Berlatsky	NBC	L	b	s				the Covington students being harassed by a small group of Black Hebrew Israelites.
66	Berlatsky	NBC	L		—s				It also did not show the Covington students appearing to mock Phillips with stereotypical war whoops and tomahawk chops.	attempt to -Vs and shift to VCs
67	Berlatsky	NBC	L					Qs	"remain motionless and calm" because he believed "a group of adults was trying to provoke a group of teenagers into a larger conflict."
68	Berlatsky	NBC	L					Qs	"We were simply there to meet a bus, not become central players in a media spectacle," he says. "This is the first time in my life I've ever encountered any sort of public protest, let alone this kind of confrontation or demonstration."
69	Berlatsky	NBC	L					Qs	"I mean, in hindsight, I wish we could've walked away and avoided the whole thing," he said. "But I can't say that I'm sorry for listening to him and standing there," he added when asked if he felt he owed anyone an apology.
70	Berlatsky	NBC	L		—s				But this characterization is misleading
71	Berlatsky	NBC	L	sm					Sandmann and his classmates were making a political statement as soon as they wore their MAGA-hats in a public space. Aligning oneself with Trump's movement is an aggressive political statement.	—Vc shift to VCsm
72	Berlatsky	NBC	L				M=	Q	Rebecca Jennings at Vox says that teens love MAGA-hats because they are transgressive. The hats, she says, can have different meanings for different people.	cit Jennings
73	Berlatsky	NBC	L	rm		—r			at kids wear Trump regalia, or invoke Trump's name, in order to bully and insult immigrants, Muslims, black people, Jews, Hispanics, or members of any of the other marginalized groups who Trump himself regularly attacks.
74	Berlatsky	NBC	L			—			people invoked Trump's name while taunting or attacking people from marginalized groups.
75	Berlatsky	NBC	L	rm					“I told you to pack your bags. You might not be here tomorrow," a ninth-grade boy wearing a MAGA-hat told a classmate of Muslim and Mexican descent on the day after Trump's election.
76	Berlatsky	NBC	L			—			Trump has provoked more organized expressions of hate as well.
77	Berlatsky	NBC	L	m				Q	Radical right groups now wear MAGA-hats as a form of provocation and intimidation
78	Berlatsky	NBC	L	m					"They use his name when they commit hate crimes. And so the hat is very much a designator of that."
79	Berlatsky	NBC	L				M-		They are particularly popular with the white nationalist, virulently misogynist, violent all-male organization, the Proud Boys,	gender
80	Berlatsky	NBC	L	—m			M-		Obviously, not everyone who wears a MAGA-hat is a member of a far-right gang devoted to street violence. Nor does everyone who wears a MAGA-hat insult or attack marginalized people. But everyone who wears a MAGA-hat should know that they are associating themselves with Trump's exclusionist, angry rhetoric.	lessening of deg from VCm to just a M-
81	Berlatsky	NBC	L		r				Everyone who wears a MAGA-hat should know that many marginalized people see the hat as a symbol of hate.
82	Berlatsky	NBC	L				S=		The Covington kids may have just been wearing the hats to provoke onlookers, or to show their solidarity with the president	shift from VCs to focusing on the hat as the culprit
83	Berlatsky	NBC	L	m					But just like wearing a Confederate flag T-shirt, or taking a "joking" prom picture with everyone's hand raised in a Nazi salute, actions have reactions. You can insist that you don't see it as a symbol of intolerance. But you're essentially daring people to disagree with you. You're daring people to be offended. This affects the nature of any encounter even before words are exchanged.
84	Berlatsky	NBC	L	m					MAGA-hats are far more prevalent than Confederate flags or swastikas, which makes it impossible to stigmatize their use the way other symbols of intolerance have been (at least partially) stigmatized.
85	Berlatsky	NBC	L			—			Trump has blurred the lines between partisan Republicanism and bigotry,
86	Berlatsky	NBC	L			—			. The rise in hate crimes since Trump took office is disturbing. But what's even more dangerous is the way that signaling intolerance has become normalized, unremarkable and uncriticizable because of its association with the president.
87	Berlatsky	NBC	L			—		Qt	"Make America Great Again" is a call for an America without all the people Trump despises…
88	Berlatsky	NBC	L	rm					merica was great when Trump fans could hurt others — especially non-white others — with impunity.
89	Berlatsky	NBC	L					Qp	he felt like the students wanted "to have the freedom to rip me apart."
90	Berlatsky	NBC	L	sm					That may not have been the message Sandmann wanted to convey in the moment, but it's nonetheless a reasonable interpretation of the hat he chose to put on.
91	Berlatsky	NBC	L					Qp	Phillips stopped drumming and raised his arms in the air. "Relatives! " he said. "Relatives! Let's make America great. Let's do that."
92	Berlatsky	NBC	L		pr, pm		M-		He pointedly did not say "make America great again;" there has never been a time in the history of the United States when this country was great for indigenous people.	historical ref
93	Berlatsky	NBC	L				P+		Instead, Phillips was calling on everyone — white, indigenous, black, young and old — to work together to make the country a better place, not least for those who were on the land first.
94	Berlatsky	NBC	L	sm					Sandmann wants us to believe that he was merely a silent, innocent bystander during the confrontation. But the hat he was wearing spoke hate.
95	Eligon	NYT	ML				D		Hebrew Israelites See Divine Intervention in Lincoln Memorial Confrontation	TITLE; neg diction in the word confrontation
96	Eligon	NYT	ML				D		They are sidewalk ministers who use confrontation as their gospel.
97	Eligon	NYT	ML				B-		What we know about Black Hebrew Israelites, the fringe group behind the Jersey City Shooting.]	link
98	Eligon	NYT	ML				B-		They shout, use blunt and sometimes offensive language, and gamely engage in arguments aimed at drawing listeners near.
99	Eligon	NYT	ML				B-		The fringe theology
100	Eligon	NYT	ML	b					black Hebrew Israelites profanely clashing with dozens of mostly white Catholic schoolboys wearing “Make America Great Again” caps.

101	Eligon	NYT	ML				D		For the Hebrew Israelites, it was a divine opportunity.
102	Eligon	NYT	ML				B-		they have also been denounced by others as a hate group.
103	Eligon	NYT	ML				B+		Provocation is their outreach method of choice. And provoke they did.
104	Eligon	NYT	ML					Qb	“Our God did that to expose what this country is coming to, to expose what we’ve been teaching,”
105	Eligon	NYT	ML		—s				If their interaction with the Catholic students seemed like an expression of bigotry toward white people, some of their most vile language is reserved for black people in the communities where they preach.	here there is an intentional removeal of vic status from the studnts relative to race
106	Eligon	NYT	ML				D	Qb	He described it like tough love — calling out black people to try to get them to turn their lives around. “Spare nobody’s feelings,”
107	Eligon	NYT	ML					Qb	“We use certain tactics,” he said, adding that if you confront passers-by softly, “they don’t respect you.”	this is almost used to support the BI POV
108	Eligon	NYT	ML				B=		Whatever tensions are sparked by Hebrew Israelite teaching, some adherents chalk that up to people being unwilling to accept uncomfortabledoctrine.	Immense neutrality/qual
109	Eligon	NYT	ML					Qb	“A lot of the truths of the Bible, it can be a bit much for people to take,”
110	Eligon	NYT	ML				S-, B+	Qb	He said he hoped that viewing the full sequence of what transpired at the Lincoln Memorial would be enough to win over supporters.
111	Eligon	NYT	ML					Qb	“It’ll get to them,”
112	Eligon	NYT	ML				B-		what Mr. Yasharahla might view as great, others call something else: hate.
113	Eligon	NYT	ML	b					Hebrew Israelite theology as hate groups.
114	Eligon	NYT	ML			—			The number of black nationalist groups has been increasing in response to President Trump,	the BI behavior here is justifed through a TR
115	Eligon	NYT	ML			—r		Q	he president’s disparaging remarks about predominantly black countries and his abandonment of civil rights reforms to recruit new members,
116	Eligon	NYT	ML		b			Q	They argue that the best response to the evils of government is to separate and form their own institutions,
117	Eligon	NYT	ML		*				That is not necessarily a radical idea for many black people.	really soft dition that alomost panders to a racial victimhood
118	Eligon	NYT	ML				B-		Hebrew Israelites were also anti-gay, anti-white and anti-Semitic
119	Eligon	NYT	ML	*r			B=	Q	“These are really fringe movements, and they’re also very different than white nationalist groups that have access to power,”	a generral assertion of white racial violence that mitigates the transgression of BI
120	Eligon	NYT	ML	r	br				“This kind of thinking arose in reaction to white supremacy and the abuse and exploitation of black people.”
121	Eligon	NYT	ML	—b			B=	Q	Even though their style might be intimidating, Ms. Beirich said that Hebrew Israelites did not have a history of violence.	a literal removal of VCb
122	Eligon	NYT	ML					Qs	“They were a group of adults, and I wasn’t sure what was going to happen next,” he said in an interview broadcast on Wednesday.
123	Eligon	NYT	ML	—b			B+	Q	To many black people, Hebrew Israelites are a harmless part of their communities,	removal of VCb
124	Eligon	NYT	ML	m	r			Q	More alarming to many African Americans, he said, is “seeing a white guy in a ‘Make America Great Again’ hat.”
125	Mettler	WP	M	rs	r		H		The face-off between Catholic school teens and a Native American elder is a reminder of 500 years of conflict	TITLE; neg diction and hist ref
126	Mettler	WP	M	r			H		violence inflicted by white settlers upon Native American land in the West
127	Mettler	WP	M		r		H		ative people were forcefully confined to reservations where they would become "civilized."
128	Mettler	WP	M	*d			H		be dominated by Catholic missionaries,	VC by religion
129	Mettler	WP	M		r		H		Native people's autonomy was further diminished in 1871
130	Mettler	WP	M	rd	r				he contemporary horror stories still fresh in the collective memory of Native communities — the ones that have been invoked since Friday, when a Native American elder and a group of mostly white Catholic school teenagers met face to face on the Mall in Washington.
131	Mettler	WP	M	r			P+		Nathan Phillips, was singing a song of unity that encouraged strength against the ravages of colonialism.
132	Mettler	WP	M	ps					the confrontation showed the faces of Phillips and one male student inches from each other, locked in a staredown.	this seems to take away the pershonhood of Sandmann and eclipse that as an embodiment of whiteness; gender
133	Mettler	WP	M	sr	pr			Q	It was just so in line with the history of colonization and appropriation," Belle said. "This youth felt he had the right to be in that space, to be taking up this man's space, to be in the space of this song and this honor."
134	Mettler	WP	M					Qp	Phillips has said he approached the students in an attempt to break the growing tension
135	Mettler	WP	M					Qs	Nick Sandmann, the youth featured in a photograph of him and Phillips, said in a TV interview Wednesday he would not have blocked Phillips if he had tried to walk past him.
136	Mettler	WP	M	d			D		Friday's conflict has pitted Native Americans and Catholics against one another,
137	Mettler	WP	M	rd	r		H		the presence of Catholicism in indigenous communities as a continuation of the abuses that stemmed from colonization centuries ago.
138	Mettler	WP	M				D=		It's the church community and the Native community working together to promote and further a combined mission," Belle said. "It's not just making Native kids better Catholics."
139	Mettler	WP	M		r		H		its mission was to assimilate Native American children into white, mainstream American culture by stripping away their native languages, forcing them to convert to Christianity and instituting harsh forms of military discipline to accomplish a full "Americanization."
140	Mettler	WP	M	r			H	Q	"Kill the Indian, Save the Man."
141	Mettler	WP	M		r		H		Their comments were rooted in history, referencing a time when Native Americans who were caught practicing their traditional religions were deprived of food or health care.
142	Mettler	WP	M	d			H		Catholic bishops in Mexico who had worked with Native people ended up torturing those they found betrayed monotheism by practicing their traditional religions. In one famous instance, a Native man caught practicing his own religion was burned at the stake, said Woolley, the history professor.
143	Mettler	WP	M		r				Native communities are still grappling with hegemony, or the concept of buying into their own oppression.
144	Mettler	WP	M	d					the Catholic church is grappling with its complicity in wiping out indigenous culture and people.
145	Mettler	WP	M	d				Q	The conflict on the Mall on Friday exemplified all those tensions, Washburn said. "To me, this seems like the latest iteration of using religion to beat Native people in the head,"
146	Beck	CNN	M				M-,D		MAGA-hats don't belong on a Catholic school trip
147	Beck	CNN	M				C-		video [Cuomo I don’t blame the kids]
148	Beck	CNN	M				S-		The boys acted inappropriately.
149	Beck	CNN	M				C-,M-		The boys should not have been permitted to wear MAGA-hats if they were representing the school	invoking an age/responsibility dynamic
150	Beck	CNN	M	s					(still image of S appearing to look down upon P)

151	Beck	CNN	M		—s				Some have suggested that a full viewing of available video of the incident shows that the students were not the aggressors. So what?
152	Beck	CNN	M		—s				it doesn't matter who moved toward whom first. It doesn't matter who provoked the incident. It doesn't matter that some adults may have acted poorly.	removal of Vs on a weird power/age draw
153	Beck	CNN	M	s					rather than stand their adolescent ground in a confrontational and seemingly mocking way, the boys should have simply turned away.	again thisis constructing an odd reversed age/power play
154	Beck	CNN	M	s					Nick Sandmann, the student who went face-to-face with Nathan Phillips
155	Beck	CNN	M					Qs	"In hindsight I wish we could've walked away and avoided the whole thing."
156	Beck	CNN	M				D		If they felt confronted, he and his classmates should have paid heed to the Christian dictum of "turn the other cheek" rather than to thrust both cheeks into the face of an elder about whom they knew nothing.	age, and a implication of who has power here
157	Beck	CNN	M				S-		Boys are seen laughing at and mocking their elder. It is wrong, plain and simple.
158	Beck	CNN	M	b					the situation had obviously escalated after the racial and homophobic jeers of the religious group known as the Black Hebrew Israelites. I
159	Beck	CNN	M				D,M-		The "Make America Great Again" slogan has become political code for an agenda that is often in opposition with the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
160	Beck	CNN	M				M=		"MAGA philosophy" is not in accord with church teaching on many of these issues. Teachers and chaperones from the Catholic school should have discouraged students from, however unwittingly, promoting a questionable partisan political agenda.
161	Mirkinson	Splinter	L		—s				and he will say, “I was really scared.
162	Mirkinson	Splinter	L	m					You and your friends were wearing MAGA-hats, a universal symbol of white supremacy, isn’t that kind of an issue?”
163	MIrkinson	Splinter	L	m					to treat the MAGA-hat for what it really is.
164	MIrkinson	Splinter	L	s	pr				huge crowd of boys, high on your own testosterone, filled with obvious hate, who surrounded an elderly Native American veteran and taunted him with racist gestures	gender
165	MIrkinson	Splinter	L		—sr				White teenage boys always get sympathy in America.
166	MIrkinson	Splinter	L		—s				Sandmann’s journey of lucrative victimhood
167	MIrkinson	Splinter	L				S-		[video] "Nick Sandmann isn't sorry
168	Kim	Today	M	*					e Covington Catholic High School junior whose face-off
169	Kim	Today	M	*					clash
170	Kim	Today	M					Qs	“My position is that I was not disrespectful to Mr. Phillips. I respect him. I'd like to talk to him,” he said. “I mean, in hindsight, I wish we could've walked away and avoided the whole thing. But I can't say that I'm sorry for listening to him and standing there.”
171	Kim	Today	M	b				Q	the students ran into five members of the Hebrew Israelites, a radical movement that is "growing more militant,"
172	Kim	Today	M					Qs	“They started shouting a bunch of homophobic, racist, derogatory comments at us,” Sandmann said. “I heard them call us incest kids, bigots, racists. They called us f*****s.”
173	Kim	Today	M					Qs	“definitely felt threatened.”
174	Kim	Today	M	s					[video] Student in tauntng video speaks out
175	Kim	Today	M				*		It’s unclear who started the confrontation, but each side claims to have been taunted first.	neutrality
176	Kim	Today	M					Qs	“In hindsight, I wish we had just found another spot to wait for our buses. But at the time, being positive seemed better than letting them slander us with all of these things,"
177	Kim	Today	M				D	Qs	“We're a Catholic school and it's not tolerated. They don't tolerate racism, and none of my classmates are racist people,”
178	Kim	Today	M					Qp	“I intervened and things just escalated from there,”
179	Kim	Today	M		p				[video] taunted native american…
180	Kim	Today	M		—p				hillips and others have claimed they heard the teens yell "build that wall" during the confrontation, but NBC News could not find any video where that hot-button phrase was shouted.
181	Kim	Today	M					Qs	I'm not sure where he wanted to go. And if he wanted to walk past me, I would've let him go,”
182	Kim	Today	M					Qs	"Well, now, I wish I would’ve walked away. I didn’t want to be disrespectful to Mr. Phillips and walk away if he was trying to talk to me," he said. "I was surrounded by a lot of people I didn't know that had their phones out, had cameras, and I didn't want to bump into anyone or seem like I was trying to do something."
183	Kim	Today	M					Qs	I see it as a smile, saying that this is the best you're going to get out of me. You won't get any further reaction of aggression. And I'm willing to stand here as long as you want to hit this drum in my face,” he said.
184	Kim	Today	M					Qs	“People have judged me based off one expression, which I wasn't smirking, but people have assumed that's what I have,” he said. “And they've gone from there to titling me and labeling me as a racist person, someone that's disrespectful to adults, which they've had to assume so many things to get there without consulting anyone that can give them the opposite story.”
185	Kim	Today	M					Qs	"Our school was slandered by the African-Americans who had called us all sorts of things. And I think I was perfectly fine with standing there and not letting the hate that was directed at us continue.”
186	Kim	Today	M	*m					Sandmann acknowledged that if he and the other teens weren’t wearing the red “Make American Great Again” hats, which he purchased from a street vendor moments before the melee, things might have turned out differently.	this is a really sly and subtly VCm
187	kim	Today	M					Qs	“That's possible. But I would have to assume what Mr. Phillips was thinking and I'd rather let him speak for why he came up to us,” he said.
188	Kim	Today	M					Qs	“I have the utmost respect for Mr. Phillips as another person that freely used his First Amendment right. And I want to thank him for his military service as well. And I'd certainly like to speak with him,” he said
189	Azzerad	AM	C	—s	—p				After all, no one laid a finger on Nathan Phillips and the other two Native Americans banging their drums and chanting. No one yelled at them. No one insulted them. No one asked them to leave.
190	Azzerad	AM	C				S+		The boys chanted along and acted silly.
191	Azzerad	AM	C				S+		They were all smiling and being rather good-natured.
192	Azzerad	AM	C				S+		Those with more delicate sensibilities might accuse the boys of being a little too rowdy
193	Azzerad	AM	C		—P				Nathan Phillips later tearfully recounted that he had heard the boys say—not chant—“Build that Wall, Build that Wall.” The subsequent longer video did not corroborate his claims.
194	Azzerad	AM	C				S+		He did not move. He did not say a word. You could almost say he was stoic
195	Azzerad	AM	C	p	s				He stood there motionless for almost three minutes as Phillips, who had walked over to him, loudly banged a drum in his face and chanted—rather obnoxiously, one might observe.
196	Azzerad	AM	C		s				The boy stood there and smirked. And for that he must be “punched in the face,” expelled from school and denied admission to college. His name should forever be ruined on the internet. He should become the face of evil in the 21st century—or at least until the next manufactured scandal erupts.	talkin on a metadiscursive level
197	Azzerad	AM	C		sr				It goes without saying that if Covington had been an all-black school, a girls’ school or a Mexican high school visiting the US, the video would have sunk without a trace in the great abyss of unwatched YouTube videos.
198	Azzerad	AM	C		sm				And it also goes without saying that if the boys had been wearing “Love Trumps Hate” or “Feel the Bern” caps, the episode would not have sent the media into an Orwellian frenzy of hate.
199	Azzerad	AM	C		sr				The kid in question, however, was part of the accursed white race that has wrought unspeakable evils onto humanity. He was a male and thus complicit in the patriarchal structures of oppression that subjugate women. He was the embodiment of power and privilege.	metadiscursive; gender
200	Azzerad	AM	C		sm, sr				Worst of all, he wore a MAGA cap. Therein lies his crime. The inherited diseases of whiteness and masculinity, though incurable, can at least be mitigated and contained if the patient is willing to demonstrate good will by embracing leftist views and perpetually flagellating himself publicly for the sins of his race and his sex.	gender

201	Azzerad	AM	C	*m					A MAGA-hat is incontrovertible evidence that you refuse to take your medicine. While it does not necessarily make you a white supremacist, it (at least) suggests you could be.	metadiscursive
202	Azzerad	AM	C		m			Q	It indicates that you might belong to the half of Trump supporters whom Hillary Clinton put into her basket of deplorables, “the racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, Islamophobic—you name it.”
203	Azzerad	AM	C	—r	—r				Standing in silence with a smile before a person of color—or presumably, a member of any other aggrieved, oppressed identity group—is now a crime for deplorable white males of all ages.	a removal of VCr(white) and a removal of Vr(poc); gender
204	Barrett	DW	MC		s			Q,Qp	Kathy Griffin called Sunday for the doxxing of all the “f***ers” from Covington Catholic High School involved in the “standoff” with Native American protester and veteran Nathan Phillips, who later told The Washington Post that he felt threatened by the boys, many of whom were wearing MAGA-hats.
205	Barrett	DW	MC	*sr, sm	sr,sm			Q	She also managed to blame “white boys” for all the problems plaguing “humanity.”“The red MAGA-hat is the new white hood,” she wrote. “Without white boys being able to empathize with other people, humanity will continue to destroy itself.”“The red MAGA-hat is the new white hood,” she wrote. “Without white boys being able to empathize with other people, humanity will continue to destroy itself.”	The quote is used to demonstrate how VCsrm is happening, the publication is using this entire passage to slightly Vsrm
206	Barrett	DW	MC		s				A Native American protester with a drum is singing in front of them and getting very close to one of the boys,
207	Barrett	DW	MC				S+		who is wearing a red MAGA-hat and standing there calmly smiling throughout most of the encounter. Some of the boy’s young classmates at times laugh and sing alongwith the protester in what many interpreted as a mocking manner.
208	Barrett	DW	MC					Qp	‘I’ve got to find myself an exit out of this situation and finish my song at the Lincoln Memorial,'” Phillips claimed. “I started going that way, and that guy in the hat stood in my way, and we were at an impasse. He just blocked my way and wouldn’t allow me to retreat.”
209	Barrett	DW	MC	*sr					Criticism didn’t just come from the Left, many on the Right condemned the boys’ alleged “harassment” of the minority groups.	more metadiscursive
210	Barrett	DW	MC		—p			Q	and it became increasingly clear that there was more to the story that the viral video and Phillips left out:	Cit Zanotti
211	Barrett	DW	MC	b	—p			Q	We can see(:) No chanting “build the wall” as far as I saw(.) Native group approaches about an hour after the kids were already there(.) ‘Black Activists’ are Black Hebrew Israelites yelling Fagg**”
212	Barrett	DW	MC	b	S		S+	S	“Far from engaging in racially motivated harassment, the group of mostly white, MAGA-hat-wearing male teenagers remained relatively calm and restrained despite being subjected to incessant racist, homophobic, and bigoted verbal abuse by members of the bizarre religious sect Black Hebrew Israelites, who were lurking nearby,” Soave reports. Among the insults and taunts hurled at the boys were “crackers,” “fa**ots,” “incest children,” “future school shooters,” and “go back to Europe.”	another ref to gender
213	Barrett	DW	MC					Qp	There was that moment when I realized I’ve put myself between beast and prey. These young men were beastly and these old black individuals was their prey, and I stood in between them and so they needed their pounds of flesh and they were looking at me for that.”
214	Barrett	DW	MC	p					When Phillips inserted himself into the middle of the group, facing off with the boy featured prominently in the video
215	Barrett	DW	MC	—s					What followed was several minutes of confusion: The teens couldn’t quite decide whether Phillips was on their side or not, but tentatively joined in his chanting. It’s not at all clear this was intended as an act of mockery rather than solidarity.”
216	Barrett	DW	MC				S=		Now after seeing more videos I have a different more complicated impression. Makes all the hot takes seem silly.”
217	Barrett	DW	MC				S+		the video shows that he remained calm during the whole encounter
218	Barrett	DW	MC					Qs	“diffuse the situation”:
219	Berrien	DW	C			+			Framing Trump’s support for the students in emphatically racial terms,	metadiscursive; cit stracq
220	Berrien	DW	C			d		Q	“Trump’s base is heavily predicated on support from Americans who identify as religious.” Thus, he figured, Trump was appealing to evangelical Christians by supporting the boys
221	Berrien	DW	C		c			Q	“Evangelical voters are not necessarily sympathetic to the plight of American Catholics, of course
222	Berrien	DW	C		*r			Q	“One of the defining components of Trump’s campaign was that his base was much more likely to say they’re worried about ‘reverse racism’ — that is, racism targeting white Americans.... Trump supporters said whites were discriminated against than said the same of Muslim, black or Jewish Americans...” He followed, “It’s impossible to extricate race from Friday’s events.”	cit Bump; the quote is metadisc by the orig author, so the tone is a bit cynical, so it may be more of a —Vr(white)
223	Berrien	DW	C			—			rump was also eager to chastise the press for its behavior, writing, “That blame of the students, many felt, was a function of media bias.”	cit Bump; metadiscursive
224	Berrien	DW	C			+			Conversely, Trump simply wants to support the boys whom he thinks have been wronged.
225	Zanotti	DW	MC					Qp	"it was getting ugly…and that guy in the hat stood in my way…"
226	Zanotti	DW	MC					Qp	Phillips said that the MAGA-hat wearing student closest to him taunted him
227	Zanotti	DW	MC	*sm					an assessment that was immediately adopted by most commentators, who compared the student to a white student taunting black customers at a Civil Rights lunch counter,	metadiscursive
228	Zanotti	DW	MC		s			Q	and in some cases, even threatened the student outright... "Have you ever seen a more punchable face than this kid’s?"
229	Zanotti	DW	MC		s				Phillips approached the teens
230	Zanotti	DW	MC	b	s				The video also seems to show that the Covington High School kids were the victims of racial slurs: the group that recorded the video, a group called Black Hebrew Israelites, called the students “fa***ts,”
231	Zanotti	DW	MC				S+		The kids rejected the homophobic chants and began to sing a school song, possibly to drown out the Black Hebrew Israelites.
232	Zanotti	DW	MC	p					It was at that point that the Native American protest descended.
233	Zanotti	DW	MC					Qp	There was that moment when I realized I’ve put myself between beast and prey…
234	Zanotti	DW	MC				S=		Phillips and the students chanted together for a few minutes before the students appear to lose interest and filter away.
235	Zanotti	DW	MC	p	—p			Q	During that time, though, Phillips claims he felt threatened, though separate videos seem to show that a handful of Native American protesters were taunting the students with racially tinged chants. "“You white people go back to Europe, this is not your land”	a removal of Vp to VCp
236	Zanotti	DW	MC				S+		Another video appears to show the student closest to Phillips gesturing to his fellow students to stand down on the protesters.
237	Zanotti	DW	MC		sr		S+	Q	This kid, who's life is currently being destroyed, actually gestures to his friend to show Nathan Phillips respect during his drumming! All of it happening of course with another activist is screaming to go back to Europe because all he can do is be white?
238	Zanotti	DW	MC					Qs	"We're an all male school that loes to get hyped up…"	gender
239	Zanotti	DW	MC		s				smearing the students
240	Zanotti	DW	MC					Qs	He also notes that he believed “remaining motionless and calm” would help diffuse the situation.